Which of the following best defines connectionism as proposed by Edward Thorndike?

The choice defining connectionism as proposed by Edward Thorndike is accurately identified as the theory that links behavior and response to stimuli. Connectionism is grounded in the idea that learning occurs through the formation of associations between stimuli and responses. Thorndike's experiments, particularly with animals, illustrated that behaviors that produced satisfying effects are stamped in, while those that produce discomfort are stamped out. This foundational principle emphasizes how the relationship between stimuli (external factors) and responses (behaviors) shapes learning.

In essence, connectionism underscores the process of learning as a result of behavioral connections developed over time, rather than relying on more abstract cognitive processes or instructional methodologies. This theory laid important groundwork for later behaviorist approaches in psychology and education, emphasizing observable behaviors as key indicators of learning outcomes.